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Series

How hash extraction works

15 posts in this series. Read them in order or jump to any one.

  1. How file-to-hash extraction works

    A technical primer on why password-protected files are crackable, what the *2john format does, and how Hash Extractor pulls it off in WebAssembly.

  2. How PDF password hashes are extracted

    A precise look at how the $pdf$ hash is built from an encrypted PDF's /Encrypt dictionary, and how to crack it with hashcat or John the Ripper.

  3. How KeePass hashes are extracted

    A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses KDB and KDBX 3.x files to produce a crackable $keepass$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.

  4. How SSH and PEM key hashes are extracted

    A technical walk-through of how Hash Extractor pulls crackable hashes from encrypted SSH and PEM private keys — entirely in the browser.

  5. How ZIP password hashes are extracted

    A deep look at how Hash Extractor pulls crackable hashes from encrypted ZIPs — WinZip AES and legacy ZipCrypto — entirely in the browser.

  6. How 7-Zip password hashes are extracted

    Why 7z is the trickiest archive to crack: LZMA-compressed headers, AES coder property encoding, and the full $7z$ hash format explained.

  7. How GPG private key hashes are extracted

    A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses OpenPGP secret key packets to produce a crackable $gpg$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.

  8. How PKCS#12 / PFX hashes are extracted

    How Hash Extractor walks the DER PFX structure to pull out the $pfxng$ MAC hash for cracking with John the Ripper's pfx format.

  9. How MS Office hashes are extracted

    How Hash Extractor reads a password-protected .docx, .xlsx, or .pptx and builds the $office$ hash for hashcat or John the Ripper — entirely in the browser.

  10. How Apple DMG hashes are extracted

    A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses encrypted Apple disk images to produce a crackable $dmg$ hash for John the Ripper.

  11. How macOS keychain hashes are extracted

    A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses Apple macOS keychain files to produce a crackable $keychain$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.

  12. How iTunes backup hashes are extracted

    A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses a Manifest.plist BackupKeyBag to produce a crackable $itunes_backup$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.

  13. How Android backup hashes are extracted

    Inside the adb backup text header: how PBKDF2 salts, round counts, and a master-key blob become a crackable $ab$ hash.

  14. How Ansible Vault hashes are extracted

    A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses Ansible Vault files to produce a crackable $ansible$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.

  15. How Ethereum wallet hashes are extracted

    A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses Ethereum keystore v3 JSON files to produce a crackable $ethereum$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.

All posts in this series

A technical primer on why password-protected files are crackable, what the *2john format does, and how Hash Extractor pulls it off in WebAssembly.
A precise look at how the $pdf$ hash is built from an encrypted PDF's /Encrypt dictionary, and how to crack it with hashcat or John the Ripper.
A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses KDB and KDBX 3.x files to produce a crackable $keepass$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.
A technical walk-through of how Hash Extractor pulls crackable hashes from encrypted SSH and PEM private keys — entirely in the browser.
A deep look at how Hash Extractor pulls crackable hashes from encrypted ZIPs — WinZip AES and legacy ZipCrypto — entirely in the browser.
Why 7z is the trickiest archive to crack: LZMA-compressed headers, AES coder property encoding, and the full $7z$ hash format explained.
A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses OpenPGP secret key packets to produce a crackable $gpg$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.
How Hash Extractor walks the DER PFX structure to pull out the $pfxng$ MAC hash for cracking with John the Ripper's pfx format.
How Hash Extractor reads a password-protected .docx, .xlsx, or .pptx and builds the $office$ hash for hashcat or John the Ripper — entirely in the browser.
A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses encrypted Apple disk images to produce a crackable $dmg$ hash for John the Ripper.
A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses Apple macOS keychain files to produce a crackable $keychain$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.
A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses a Manifest.plist BackupKeyBag to produce a crackable $itunes_backup$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.
Inside the adb backup text header: how PBKDF2 salts, round counts, and a master-key blob become a crackable $ab$ hash.
A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses Ansible Vault files to produce a crackable $ansible$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.
A technical walkthrough of how Hash Extractor parses Ethereum keystore v3 JSON files to produce a crackable $ethereum$ hash for hashcat and John the Ripper.